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Scientists Discover Matter Jet From Black Hole 50 Times Bigger Than Its Galaxy_我的网站

一 |     One of the largest black hole jets in the sky has been uncovered by astronomers at Western Sydney University, new research published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society has revealed.,According to the paper, in terms of distance from Earth, the galaxy NGC2663 is close by at just 93 million light-years.,With nearly ten times as many stars as our own Milky Way, it has the recognizable oval shape of a "typical" elliptical galaxy when viewed through a standard telescope. Led by astronomer Velibor Velovic of Western Sydney University, the research team used CSIRO's Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), a system of 36 connected radio dishes acting as a single super-telescope in Western Australia, to make their findings.,A core black hole's jet of material is visible in the radio waves as it leaves the galaxy. If our eyes could see it in the night sky, it would be larger than Earth's moon. This powerful torrent of material is approximately 50 times larger than the galaxy, stretched over almost 1 million light-years, according to the research.,The process studied by the scientists is rather similar to an effect seen in jet engines. The surrounding pressure pushes the exhaust plume from the sides as it rockets through the vacuum. As a result, the jet pulsates while expanding and contracting. Regular bright spots in the jet, called "shock diamonds" due to their shape, were observed by the team.,The flow glows brighter as it constricts.,Shock diamonds have been observed in smaller, galaxy-sized jets as well as in jet engines. Jets have been observed slamming into dense gas clouds, illuminating them as they pass through. However, a more subtle effect that makes it more difficult to see is the restriction of jets from the sides.,The paper underscored that astronomers have not observed this effect on such massive scales before NGC2663. This reportedly demonstrates that NGC2663 is surrounded by enough matter to push against the sides of the jet. The substance is then heated and pressurized by the jet.,A feedback loop is created when intergalactic matter enters a galaxy, which then creates a black hole that releases a jet. In turn, the jet decreases the inflow of intergalactic matter into galaxies. As the universe expands, these jets have an impact on how gas condenses into galaxies.,The Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey, which is also credited with discovering a new category of enigmatic astronomical object known as a "Odd Radio Circle," is still scanning the space.,‘Best Physical Models Can’t Fit The Data’: Radio Bursts Detected in Space ‘Defy’ Existing Theories7 August, 14:45 GMT。    美国食品和药物管理局烟草产品中心主任Brian King在一份声明中说：“我们不会对制造商一再违反法律袖手旁观，尤其是在获得多次遵守的机会之后。”这些公司在销售烟草产品之前需要得到美国食品和药物管理局的许可，其中包括蒸汽烟和电子烟。在过去的一年里，该机构一直在处理数百家生产电子烟的公司的申请，批准了少数几家，拒绝了许多其他公司。尽管如此，许多公司仍然继续生产和销售新产品，而没有经过FDA的程序。根据该声明，到目前为止，该机构只向它所说的违法公司发出警告信--迄今为止，它已发出近300封。但在许多情况下，这些信件并没有起到作用。根据Stat News的调查，警告信中提到的一半以上的产品今年夏天仍在市场上销售。美国食品和药物管理局说，面临禁令的六家公司已经收到警告，但继续销售未经授权的电子烟产品。这些公司位于明尼苏达州、西弗吉尼亚州、华盛顿州、佐治亚州、堪萨斯州和亚利桑那州。禁令标志着美国食品和药物管理局监督蒸汽烟和电子烟的方法发生了变化，并可能是对其他处于类似情况的公司的警告。该机构还有其他执法工具可供支配，包括有权发出罚款。面临禁令的六家公司可以同意一个两边同意的判决，这将“阻止他们直接或间接制造、销售或分销任何新的烟草产品，除非并直到满足某些先决条件”--包括要求这些产品获得FDA的授权。

二 | 如果这些公司不同意，联邦机构可以要求法院阻止他们制造和销售产品。

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