俄罗斯转盘

前NASA宇航员、阿波罗任务指挥官詹姆斯·麦克迪维特逝世 享年93岁_我的网站

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    Selçuk Ünal, Ambassador of Türkiye to China Photo: Courtesy of the Embassy of the Republic of Türkiye in ChinaThis year marks the 55th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Türkiye and China. The two countries share a long history of friendly exchanges. The ancient Silk Road linked the millennia-long history of mutual learning and people-to-people exchanges of the two sides, forging a profound foundation for the friendship between Türkiye and China.
Since modern times, both countries have undergone profound changes and social transformations. Their similar historical experiences have fostered mutual understanding. Upholding their longstanding tradition of friendship, bilateral relations between Türkiye and China have steadily advanced. The two countries formally established diplomatic relations in 1971, opening a new chapter in the development of bilateral ties.
High-level strategic guidance is the fundamental guarantee for the steady and long-term development of Türkiye-China relations. The two heads of state attach great importance to bilateral relations and are committed to continuously enhancing the quality and level of friendly cooperation between Türkiye and China, having built consensus through multiple meetings.
The meeting between the two leaders in Tianjin during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit on August 31, 2025, which charted the course for the development of bilateral relations, serves as powerful proof of their sustained high-level dialogue. Türkiye consistently and firmly adheres to the one-China principle and supports China in safeguarding its national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Under the joint guidance of the two heads of state, practical economic and trade cooperation between Türkiye and China has continued to develop. Cooperation on connectivity has deepened and yielded tangible results, with active efforts to align Türkiye's Middle Corridor Initiative with the Belt and Road Initiative. 
    A Türkiye Tourism booth at the ITB China 2026, one of the most influential tourism trade platforms in the Asia-Pacific region, in Shanghai on May 26, 2026 Photo: VCGThe scope of cooperation has steadily expanded - extending from traditional trade to areas such as trade security, the stability of industrial and supply chains, energy corridor construction, and digital connectivity - thereby creating a comprehensive, multi-tiered cooperation framework that injects momentum into shared regional development. 
Over the past two decades, the volume of bilateral trade has grown approximately 40-fold, cross-border transport projects have increased, two-way investment has steadily expanded, and the areas of cooperation have broadened, all demonstrating the enduring resilience and vitality of this economic and trade partnership.
At present, there is still significant untapped potential for cooperation between Türkiye and China. By expanding two-way investment, optimizing trade structures, and broadening areas of collaboration, the two nations can foster a more balanced, diversified, and mutually beneficial economic and trade landscape, thereby fully unlocking this potential. In this vein, high-quality direct investments from China into our country will create a true win-win foundation for the sustainability of our economic relations, while offering Chinese companies significant advantages in terms of access to markets adjacent to Türkiye, achieving shared success.
People-to-people exchanges form a vital foundation of public support for the development of relations between Türkiye and China, with tourism being the strongest point of convergence in people-to-people ties. 
In 2026, frequency of direct flights has increased to 56 times per week, strengthen direct connections for tourism, trade and business. Our decision, on the occasion of the 55th anniversary, to grant visa exemptions to Chinese citizens for touristic travel and transit - effective January 2, 2026 - fully demonstrates our strong commitment to increasing people-to-people contacts.
Today, our world is undergoing profound changes, with instabilities and uncertainties on a rise. Türkiye and China stand as two ancient civilizations that are influential in the region. Türkiye is committed to multilateralism and keeps strengthening its relations with China. Against the backdrop of complex and profound shifts in the international landscape, enhancing bilateral dialogue and cooperation is more important than ever, and the Türkiye-China relations rest on a solid foundation for continued development.
At the new starting point marked by the 55th anniversary of Türkiye-China ties, what needs to be done today is to translate political will into more concrete projects, efficient mechanisms and active private sector participation, thereby deepening and solidifying cooperation across different fields. We look forward to taking this occasion as an opportunity to join hands with China to forge a brighter future for bilateral relations. 
The author is Turkish Ambassador to China
。    麦克迪维特于1929年6月10日出生在芝加哥。他毕业于密歇根州卡拉马祖中央高中，之后在密歇根大学获得航天工程学学士学位，并于1959年以全班第一名的成绩毕业。他于1951年加入空军并以准将军衔退役。

二 | 他在朝鲜战争期间驾驶F-80和F-86飞机执行了145次战斗任务。

三 | 他毕业于美国空军实验试飞员学校，并完成了美国空军航空航天研究飞行员课程，并在加利福尼亚州爱德华兹空军基地担任实验试飞员。在他的飞行员生涯中，他记录了超过5000个小时的飞行时间。1962年9月，麦克迪维特被美国宇航局选为宇航员，成为美国宇航局第二届宇航员的一员。1965年6月，他作为双子星座4号任务的指挥官首次飞入太空。麦克迪维特与空军飞行员Ed White一起参加了该计划迄今为止最雄心勃勃的飞行。在双子星座4号任务中，White将成为第一个在飞船外冒险进行正式舱外活动（EVA）的美国人，或者按照现在的说法，是太空行走。在接下来的几年里，这种技能使阿波罗探险家能够在月球上行走，美国宇航员和他们来自世界各地的伙伴能够建立国际空间站。这次任务的四天时间几乎是NASA宇航员此前在太空中的时间的两倍，此前最长的美国太空飞行是戈登·库珀的34小时水星9号任务。麦克迪维特作为阿波罗9号的指挥官进行的第二次太空飞行对人类首次登陆月球起到了关键作用。这是全套阿波罗硬件的第一次飞行，也是登月舱的第一次飞行。这次任务于1969年3月3日从美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心发射，指挥官麦克迪维特、指挥舱飞行员大卫·斯科特和登月舱飞行员拉塞尔-施魏克特。发射后，阿波罗9号进入地球轨道，机组人员对第一个载人登月舱（绰号"蜘蛛"）从头到尾进行了一次工程测试。

四 | 他们模拟了将在实际月球任务中进行的机动动作。在这次任务中，宇航员与指挥和服务舱以及登月舱一起执行了一系列的飞行任务。首要任务是月球舱与指挥和服务舱的交会对接。乘员组还对月球舱进行了配置，以支持麦克迪维特和施魏克特的太空行走。在第10个飞行日，即1969年3月13日，阿波罗9号太空舱重新进入地球大气层，并在大西洋上溅起水花，在波多黎各以北约341英里处，在回收船瓜达尔卡纳尔号的视野内。麦克迪维特在太空中停留了超过14天。阿波罗9号之后，他成为月球登陆行动的经理，并带领一个团队规划月球探测计划，重新设计航天器以完成这一任务。

五 | 1969年8月，他成为阿波罗航天器计划的经理，指导该计划完成阿波罗12、13、14、15和16号。1972年6月，麦克迪维特从美国空军退役并离开NASA，担任Consumers Power 公司的执行副总裁，负责公司事务。1975年3月，他加入 Pullman,公司，担任执行副总裁和董事。1975年10月，他成为 Pullman Standard 、轨道车部的总裁，后来还负责公司的租赁和工程建设领域。1981年1月，他加入罗克韦尔国际公司，担任高级副总裁，负责政府业务，以及位于华盛顿特区的罗克韦尔国际公司。他获得的众多奖项包括两枚美国宇航局杰出服务奖章和美国宇航局特殊服务奖章。由于他在美国空军的服务，他还被授予两枚空军杰出服务奖章、四枚杰出飞行十字勋章、五枚航空奖章和美国空军宇航员之翼。麦克迪维特还获得了韩国颁发的Chong Moo奖章，美国空军系统司令部航空航天Primus奖，阿诺德航空协会 JFK奖杯，Sword of Loyola，以及密歇根金刚狼边疆者奖。

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